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Minggu, 20 Maret 2011

Mengapa jika Jari direndam dalam air mengkerut


Hari ini saya menemukan mengapa kerut jari dalam air. Untuk jawaban yang cepat, air menyapu zat berminyak yang melindungi kulit Anda. Ketika itu terjadi, jenis tertentu dari sel mati pada kulit Anda akan menyerap air yang menyebabkan sel untuk membengkak, tapi lapisan di bawahnya tidak. Jadi bengkak, dikombinasikan dengan tempat kulit dihubungkan bawahnya untuk lapisan non-membengkak, menyebabkan ujung jari Anda untuk melihat keriput semua.
Jadi itulah jawabannya, cepat generik. Lebih teknis, ada zat / lilin berminyak kulit Anda mengeluarkan dari kelenjar sebaceous disebut "sebum". Dalam kelenjar, sebum diproduksi dalam sel khusus dan kemudian dikeluarkan ketika sel-sel tersebut pecah. Zat ini, antara keuntungan lainnya, memiliki efek ganda untuk membantu kulit dan rambut tetap terhidrasi bawahnya, sehingga tidak mendapatkan kering dan pecah-pecah, selain itu juga membantu melindungi kulit Anda dari kelebihan kelembaban dari luar. Anda mungkin melihat sebum di beberapa titik di rambut Anda jika Anda pergi beberapa hari tanpa mencucinya. Rambut Anda akan mulai merasa sangat berminyak ketika Anda menjalankan tangan Anda melalui itu. Bila Anda berada dalam air untuk waktu yang lama, sebum ini akan hanyut dari kulit dan rambut, menghilangkan lapisan pelindung ini.
Sekarang Anda mungkin bertanya-tanya mengapa hanya jari Anda mendapatkan tips dan jari-jari kaki keriput dan bukan bagian tubuh Anda (atau paling tidak hampir sama cepat). Alasan mengapa tidak 100% mengerti, tetapi kami memiliki ide yang cukup baik dari apa yang terjadi di sini. lapisan kulit terluar ini, epidermis, mengandung protein yang disebut keratin. Protein ini membantu memperkuat kulit Anda. Mati sel keratin juga membentuk epidermis 'lapisan permukaan, yang disebut stratum korneum (Latin untuk' cukup lucu horny layer ',). Jadi sekali semua sebum pelindung hanyut, sel-sel keratin mati menyerap air seperti spons dan membengkak. Inilah sebabnya mengapa kulit Anda jauh lebih mudah untuk memotong atau istirahat bila terendam air. Lapisan luar yang kuat dari sel-sel keratin mati kehilangan beberapa ketangguhan bila terendam air. Alasan maka jari-jari kaki dan jari mendapatkan lebih banyak keriput adalah bahwa mereka mengandung lapisan tebal dari kedua hidup dan sel-sel keratin mati daripada seluruh tubuh Anda. Hal ini menyebabkan mereka lebih terasa membengkak maka sisa kulit Anda sebagai sel keratin mati menyerap air.
Pengaruh kerut terjadi, bukan hanya pembengkakan umum, karena lapisan dalam hidup sel keratin kurang lebih tetap sama seperti sebelum Anda berada di air, sedangkan lapisan luar membengkak, hubungan antara kedua lapisan tinggal dekat berikat sedangkan tempat-tempat yang tidak terhubung bebas membengkak, maka, pruney jari dan jari kaki.

Foto fot pernikahan Krisdayanti Raul - Heboh!!

Penyanyi Krisdayanti akhirnya secara resmi menjadi istri pengusaha asal Dili, Timor Leste, Raul Lemos. Mantan istri vokalis, pencipta lagu, sekaligus produser Anang Hermansyah itu diikat dengan mas kawin seperangkat alat shalat.
ng.

Seusai penyerahan mas kawin, Raul lantas mendaratkan ciumannya di bibir Krisdayanti sebanyak tiga kali. Tak hanya itu, ciuman Raul semakin lengkap dengan kecupan di keni
Akad nikah yang diselenggarakan Minggu (20/3/2011) di Hotel Sahid Jakarta mengundang sekitar 150 tamu.

Resepsi pernikahan mereka rencananya berlangsung pada 25 Maret 2011 di Hotel Mulia Senayan, Jakarta.






Foto-foto tersebut diambil dari Kompas.com dan untuk lebih lengkap album pernikahan Krisdayanti dengan Raul Lemos bisa di klik disini
publishing by Jekethek-:-Blog Berita Indonesia Terbaru Hari ini

Penduduk dengan konsumsi internet tertinggi

 Internet sudah menjadi bagian dari gaya hidup di sejumlah negara dunia. Beberapa negara tergolong sebagai maniak internet di antaranya Kanada, Inggris dan AS.

Pada kuartal keempat 2010, rata-rata penggunaan internet di seluruh dunia adalah 23,1 jam per bulan, berdasarkan laporan ComScore. Namun ternyata, negara paling maniak internet mengkonsumsi dua kali lipat. Sebagian besar masyarakat Kanada menghabiskan waktu 43,5 jam di depan layar setiap bulan.

Di posisi kedua adalah Amerika Serikat yang menghabiskan 35,3 jam per bulan untuk mengakses internet. Selanjutnya adalah Inggris dengan rata-rata akses media online itu 32,3 jam setiap bulan. Tidak mau kalah, Korea Selatan berada di posisi keempat dengan konsumsi 27,7 jam per bulan untuk akses internet.

Di peringkat kelima, Perancis dengan rata-rata 26,6 jam per bulan, disusul Brazil dengan 35,8 jam per bulan, Jerman yang menghabiskan 24,1 jam per bulan di internet, Rusia dengan 21,8 jam per bulan.

Posisi ketiga dari bawah adalah Jepang dengan 18, 4 jam per bulan dan China dengan 13,5 jam per bulan. Peringkat kesebelas adalah India dengan akses 11,9 jam setiap bulan. (inilah)


Menakjubkan. Penumuan harta karun suku maya kuno



 Harta karun emas yang berasal dari peradaban Maya di Amerika Selatan dipercaya tersimpan di sebuah danau wilayah Guatemala. Baru-baru ini, arkeolog asal Jerman mengklaim bahwa dirinya berhasil memecahkan kode dalam buku kuno berisi informasi penyimpanan harta karun yang dilengkapi dengan peta.
Arkeolog tersebut adalah Joachim Rittsteig, guru besar emeritus Dresden University. Rittsteig yang terlibat ekspedisi ke Danau Izabal Guatemala mengatakan bahwa halaman-halaman dalam buku tersebut berisi informasi spesifik tentang harta karun yang dimaksud.
Rittsteig mengatakan, "Halaman 52 berbicara tentang Atlan, ibu kota Maya, yang hancur oleh gempa bumi pada tanggal 30 Oktober 666 SM. Di kota ini, suku Maya menyimpan 2.156 emas batangan yang diklaim suku Maya sebagai miliknya."
Rittsteig yang telah mempelajari teks dalam buku itu selama 40 tahun mengatakan, "Dresden Codex menunjukkan adanya harta karun besar berupa emas murni seberat 8 ton." Koran Jerman Bild yang mensponsori ekspedisi ini akan mengirim reporter, fotografer, kamerawan, dan penyelam profesional ke Danau Izabal untuk menemukan emas itu. (kompas)

Inilah penyebab Kenapa reaktor nukliar berbahaya.

Manusia tidak dapat lepas dari ketergantungannya terhadap listrik sebagai salah satu sumber kehidupan. Melihat sudah menipisnya defisit bahan bakar maupun mineral sebagai pembangkit listrik banyak alternatif yang ditemukan, termasuk nuklir.

Reaktor nuklir adalah tempat terjadinya reaksi pembelahan inti (nuklir) atau dikenal dengan reaksi fisi berantai yang terkendali. Bagian utama dari reaktor nuklir yaitu: elemen bakar, batang kendali, moderator, pendingin dan perisai.

Reaktor nuklir dibedakan berdasarkan fungsinya menjadi dua, yaitu reaktor penelitian/riset, dan reaktor daya (pembangkit listrik tenaga nuklir.

Reaksi nuklir ini akan menghasilkan energi panas dalam jumlah cukup besar. Contohnya pada reaktor daya, energi panas yang dihasilkan dapat digunakan untuk menghasilkan uap panas, dan selanjutnya digunakan untuk mengerakkan turbin-generator yang bisa menghasilkan listrik.

Sedangkan pada reaktor penelitian, panas yang dihasilkan tidak dimanfaatkan dan dapat dibuang ke lingkungan.

Berikut adalah garis besar cara kerja sebuah reaktor nuklir(jenis PWR) hingga bisa menghasilkan listrik, seperti yang dilansir Nuklir.INFO:

- Di dalam inti reaktor, reaksi fisi terjadi karena adanya penembakan neutron terhadap bahan bakar nuklir yang menghasilkan energi panas.
- Energi panas yang dihasilkan dari inti reaktor kemudian dibawa oleh air bertekanan pada primary loop ke generator uap.
- Di dalam generator uap, air yang berasal dari secondary loop menjadi terpanaskan dan terbentuklah uap.
- Uap yang dihasilkan diarahkan ke turbin uap untuk memutar generator dan akhirnya menghasilkan listrik.

Tetapi kurang cermatnya perhitungan dalam pendinginan reaktor akan meningkatkan konsentrasi pada inti materi. Ini terbukti pada saat Jepang mengalami situasi serba kacau karena gempa dan gelap, memaksa para petugas berimprovisasi dalam mendinginkan reaktor.

"Mereka bekerja dalam keadaan panik untuk mencari solusi mendinginkan inti reaktor. Ini mengindikasikan seberapa seriusnya masalah. Mereka terpaksa melakukan tindakan yang tidak biasa dan berimprovisasi untuk mendinginkan reaktor nuklir," ujar Mark Hibbs, peneliti senior dari program kebijakan nuklir di Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.

Akibatnya, menurut Badan Energi Atom Internasional (IAEA) lebih dari 170.000 orang dalam radius 10-20 km dari instalasi pembangkit di Fukushima telah diungsikan sehubungan dengan ledakan yang terjadi pada pembangkit tersebut.

Dampak sesaat atau jangka pendek akibat radiasi tinggi di sekitar reaktor nuklir antara lain mual, muntah, diare, sakit kepala, dan demam.

Sementara itu, dampak yang baru muncul setelah terpapar radiasi nuklir selama beberapa hari di antaranya adalah sebagai berikut: pusing, mata berkunang-kunang, disorientasi atau bingung menentukan arah, lemah, letih, dan tampak lesu, kerontokan rambut dan kebotakan, muntah darah atau berak darah, tekanan darah rendah, dan luka susah sembuh.

Dampak jangka panjang dari radiasi nuklir umumnya justru dipicu oleh tingkat radiasi yang rendah sehingga tidak disadari dan tidak diantisipasi hingga bertahun-tahun. Beberapa dampak mematikan akibat paparan radiasi nuklir jangka panjang antara lain kanker, penuaan dini, gangguan sistem saraf dan reproduksi, dan mutasi genetik. (inilah)

makna huruf I pada I phone

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Ibarat Raja Midas dalam mitologi Yunani, apapun yang disentuh jemari Steve Jobs menjadi emas. Setelah sentuhannya menghasilkan Apple iMac, iPod dan iPhone, Tangan ajaib Jobs kembali menelurkan iPad pada April 2010.

Komputer tablet berlayar sentuh berukuran 9,7 inci ini menebarkan 'demam' iPad ke seluruh dunia sejak diluncurkan April tahun lalu. Kini iPad generasi kedua kembali mengguncang dunia.

Lalu kenapa Steve Job selalu membubuhkan huruf 'i' dalam setiap produk buatannya? Pada tahun 1998, Job membuat iMac yaitu penggabungan antara internet dan Macintosh.

Kata itu dijodohkan Job bukan tanpa makna, iMac merupakan perkawinan antara kesenangan penduduk dunia berinternet dengan kesederhanaan Macintosh.

Tapi, internet bukanlah arti satu-satunya yang dimasud Job. Kini dengan pelbagai produk baru dari Apple, kata 'i' melambangkan banyak makna seperti informasi, intruksi dan inspirasi.

Nah, kata mana yang menurut Anda paling tepat. (tempo)

Facebook menutupi situs Porno

Menurut situs peneliti internet, situs jejaring sosial terbesar Facebook jauh lebih populer dibanding situs porno.

Situs peneliti internet Experian Hitwise mengatakan pada Januari lalu, Facebook memiliki bagian 12,46% dari keseluruhan trafik online Inggris. Jumlah itu menunjukkan sebanyak 2,4 miliar orang mangakses Facebook.

Sebagai perbandingan pada situs hiburan lain, termasuk situs porno, situs-situs ini hanya mendapat perolehan sebesar 12,18% trafik online. Seperti dikutip BBC, pertama situs kalinya jejaring sosial mengalahkan hiburan dalam hal popularitas.

Facebook diketahui memiliki 56% total kunjungan. "Ketika jejaring sosial saling bersaing, banyak pengguna muncul di berbagai tempat di internet," kata Research Director Experian Hitwise Robin Goad.

Sebanyak satu dari delapan orang berhenti mengakses jejaring sosial untuk membuka situs lain, lanjutnya. Misalnya Facebook, situs ini merupakan sumber kunci trafik banyak jejaring sosial.

“Hampir seperlima orang meninggalkan Twitter untuk mengakses jejaring sosial lain,” ungkap Goad. (vivanews)

Rabu, 16 Maret 2011

Tsunami Victims In japan

A consequence 9.0 convulsion hit arctic Japan aboriginal Friday, triggering tsunamis that acquired boundless confusion and bedridden a nuclear ability plant. Are you in an afflicted area? Forward an iReport. Read the abounding address on the quake's after-effects and analysis out our alternate explainer on Japan's damaged nuclear reactors.
[11:55 p.m. ET Wednesday, 12:55 p.m. Thursday in Tokyo] A Tokyo Electric Ability aggregation official said Thursday that - based on advice aggregate from a helicopter that flew over the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear ability bulb on Wednesday - authorities accept that there is baptize in a key ammunition basin alfresco one of the plant's a lot of afflicted reactors.
"We accept been able to affirm that there is baptize in the spent nuclear ammunition pool," the official told reporters about the plant's No. 4 reactor. "But we do not apperceive how abundant water."
Hours earlier, the arch of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission testified that spent ammunition rods in Unit 4 of Japan's stricken Fukushima Daiichi nuclear bulb had been exposed, consistent in the discharge of "extremely high" levels of radiation.
In addition, authorities appear the amount of asleep from the 9.0-magnitude convulsion and consecutive tsunami in Japan has risen to 5,178.
As of 10 a.m. Thursday (9 p.m. Wednesday ET), 8,606 humans were missing and 2,285 were injured, the National Police Agency Emergency Disaster Headquarters said.
[11:05 p.m. ET Wednesday, 12:05 p.m. Thursday in Tokyo] Japanese Defense Minister Toshimi Kitazawa said that he and Prime Minister Naoto Kan absitively aboriginal Thursday to arise the operation to bead baptize over the Fukushima Daiichi plant's No. 3 nuclear reactor. They aswell absitively to forward water-cannon trucks to the arena to aerosol baptize at the No. 3 reactor from the ground.
The plan to bead baptize from aloft had been aborted Wednesday, due to apropos about top radiation levels.
"We could not adjournment the mission any further, accordingly we absitively to assassinate it," Kitazawa told reporters.

Jumat, 11 Maret 2011

Korban Tewas Akibat Tsunami Jepang Diperkirakan Lebih 1.000 Orang

Tokyo - Korban tewas akibat gempa 8,9 SR yang disusul dengan tsunami hebat di Jepang terus bertambah. Diperkirakan, lebih dari 1.000 orang tewas dalam bencana alam ini.

Seperti dikutip Reuters dari kantor berita Jepang, Kyodo, saat ini masih banyak korban tsunami yang masih hilang.

Data resmi yang dirilis oleh kepolisian Jepang, sementara korban tewas baru mencapai 133 orang, 530 hilang, serta 722 luka-luka.

Sementara data yang diperoleh AFP menyebutkan, sedikitnya 310 orang tewas, 350 orang hilang dan 544 orang luka-luka.

detik

Japan Tsunami Death Toll is Estimated Over 1,000 People

Tokyo - The death toll from a magnitude 8.9 quake was followed by the great tsunami in Japan continues to grow. It is estimated, more than 1,000 people died in this natural disaster.

As quoted by Reuters from the Japanese news agency, Kyodo, now there are many tsunami victims are still missing.

Official data released by Japanese police, while the death toll reached 133 people, 530 missing and 722 injured.

While the data obtained by AFP says, at least 310 people dead, 350 missing and 544 people injured.

Sabtu, 26 Februari 2011

Finca Bellavista: Incredible Tree House Community in Costa Rica

 Finca Bellavista is a self-sustaining community in the jungles of Costa Rica. So if you are fan of everything that is eco-friendly and like to merge with nature this can be what you need. Finca Bellavista encompasses 300 acres (1.2 km2) of rainforest.

The community features houses built right on top of the trees in the Costa Rican rain forest, connected by zip lines and sky bridges. These tree houses are accessible by stairs and ladders from the ground, reminds me of the Swiss Family Robinson.

The sustainable tree house community was founded by Americans Erica and Mathew Hogan not just as their own private escape from the crazy city life but as a community that attracts permanent residents and travellers from all over the world. New residents can purchase plots starting from $55,000 and build their dream tree-home; travelers can rent room for the short or long term.



And just because you’re in the rain forest doesn’t mean modern amenities aren’t available; limited solar powered electricity, hot showers, and even wireless internet can be accessed. But the whole point of this community is to get away from it all and get closer to nature. Two rivers run around the community with crystal clear water and plenty of waterfalls for taking a dive on a hot summer day. A small town is a few miles away and the ocean is a short hike away. Some of your neighbors will include monkeys, lizards and lots of bugs; Finca Bellavista is like living in an episode of Natural Geographic.











































































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Top 10 Most Expensive Cities to Live in 2010 (Infographic)

 While it is easy to complain about the cost of living in our own backyards, and lament the times when your dollars went further and your cents actually bought something, your home country may not even be in the top 10 cities that are the most expensive in which to live.

More Infographics.

Click to Enlarge.


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Jumat, 25 Februari 2011

Top 10 Beautiful Lady Spies from History

One of the a lot of able means to abridge advice about an adversary (or abeyant enemy) is by entering the enemy’s ranks. This is the job of a spy. Spies can accompany aback all sorts of advice apropos the admeasurement and backbone of an adversary army. They can aswell acquisition dissidents aural the enemy’s armament and access them to defect. In times of crisis, spies can aswell be acclimated to abduct technology and to demolition the adversary in assorted ways. For centuries women accept served their allegiances with as abundant ability as their macho counterparts in espionage. The spies listed actuality are the top 10 admirable adult spies from the history.

 10. Isabella Marie Boyd 


Best accepted as Belle Boyd or Cleopatra of the Secession, was a Confederate spy in the American Civil War. She operated from her father’s auberge in Front Royal, Virginia and provided admired advice to Confederate accepted Stonewall Jackson in 1862. Belle Boyd’s espionage career began by chance. According to her 1866 account, on July 4, 1861, a bandage of Union army soldiers saw the Confederate banderole afraid alfresco her home. They tore it down and afraid a Union banderole in its place. This fabricated her affronted enough, but if one of them accursed at her mother, she was enraged. Belle pulled out a pistol and attempt the man down.She was fuming. A lath of analysis absolved her, but sentries were acquaint about the abode and admiral kept abutting clue of her activities. She profited from this activated familiarity, absorbing at atomic one of the officers, Captain Daniel Keily, into absolute aggressive secrets. “To him,” she wrote later, “I am accountable for some actual arresting effusions, some addle flowers, and a abundant accord of important information.” Belle conveyed those secrets to Confederate admiral via her slave, Eliza Hopewell, who agitated the letters in a hollowed-out watch case.

9. Nancy Wake

Nancy_Wake
he served as a British abettor during the after allotment of World War II. She became a arch amount in the maquis groups of the French Resistance and became one of the Allies’ a lot of busy servicewomen of the war. Born in Roseneath, Wellington, New Zealand, Wake’s ancestors confused to Sydney, Australia in 1914. She was two years old at the time, and the youngest and a lot of absolute of six children. Later, her ancestor larboard the ancestors to acknowledgment to New Zealand, abrogation her mother to accession the children. Later, in 1939 she met affluent French baron Henri Edmond Fiocca, whom she affiliated on 30 November. She was active in Marseille, France if Germany invaded. After the abatement of France, she became a bagman for the French Resistance and after abutting the escape arrangement of Captain Ian Garrow. The Gestapo alleged her the “White Mouse”. By 1943, she was the Gestapo’s most-wanted person, with a 5 million-franc amount on her head. From April 1944 to the complete liberation of France, her 7,000 maquisards fought 22,000 SS soldiers, causing 1,400 casualties, while demography alone 100 themselves. Her French companions, abnormally Henri Tardivat, accepted her angry spirit; abundantly approved if she dead an SS bouncer with her bald easily to anticipate him adopting the anxiety during a raid. After the war, she accustomed the George Medal, the United States Presidential Medal of Freedom, the Médaille de la Résistance and thrice the Croix de Guerre. She was not awarded any Australian decorations. She aswell abstruse that the Gestapo had bent her bedmate to afterlife in 1943 for abnegation to acknowledge her whereabouts. After the war she formed for the Intelligence Department at the British Air Ministry absorbed to embassies of Paris and Prague. After marrying John Forward in 1957 she alternate to Australia.

Kemble Gage

Margaret Kemble Gage
(1734-1824)
She was the wife of General Thomas Gage, who led the British Army during the American Revolutionary War, and is said to have spied against him out of sympathy for the Revolution. She was born in New Brunswick, New Jersey and resided in East Brunswick Township. Historical texts, most notably Paul Revere’s Ride suggest that Mrs. Gage provided Joseph Warren with information regarding General Gage’s raid at Lexington and Concord. All of the circumstantial evidence shows that that Dr. Warren’s informer was indeed Margaret Kemble Gage – a lady of divided loyalties to both her husband and her native land.  As a result, Gage was sent to England aboard the Charming Nancy on her husband’s orders in the summer of 1775.

7. Josephine Baker

Josephine-Baker
(June 3, 1906 – April 12, 1975)
She was an American-born French dancer, singer, and actress. Nicknamed the “Bronze Venus”, the “Black Pearl”, and even the “Créole Goddess” in anglophone nations. Baker was the first African American female to star in a major motion picture and to integrate an American concert hall, and to become a world-famous entertainer. She is also noted for her contributions to the Civil Rights Movement in the United States (she was offered the unofficial leadership of the movement by Coretta Scott King in 1968 following Martin Luther King, Jr.’s assassination, but turned it down), for assisting the French Resistance during World War II and for being the first American-born woman to receive the French military honor, the Croix de guerre.

6. Noor Inayat Khan

Noor Inayat Khan
(1 January 1914, Moscow – 13 September 1944, Dachau concentration camp)
On September 13, 1944, a beautiful Indian princess lay dead on the floor at Dachau concentration camp. She had been brutally tortured by the Nazis then shot in the head. Her name was Noor Inayat Khan. The Germans knew her only as Nora Baker, a British spy. The first female radio operator to infiltrate occupied Paris, she was posthumously awarded the Croix de Guerre and the George Cross – one of only three women from the Special Operations Executive to receive the latter medal. But while Odette Hallowes and Violette Szabo have had Hollywood films made of their lives and blue plaques put up in their honour, Noor has been largely overlooked. The gentle Indian woman who sacrificed her life for Britain, has become a footnote in history. A memorial to her has long been overdue. And when a bust of Noor goes up in London’s Gordon Square in 2012, it will be the first statue to an Indian woman in Britain – and the first to any Muslim. Given the contribution of Asian women in this country to arts, music, literature, law, human rights and education, it is a gap that is crying to out be filled. Noor’s journey from her birthplace in Moscow to London was in many ways part of her exotic upbringing. A descendant of Tipu Sultan – the famous 18th century ruler of South India, known as the Tiger of Mysore – she was brought up a fierce nationalist by her father, Hazrat Inayat Khan, a Sufi preacher and musician. Noor was trained as a secret agent, given arms training, taught to shoot and kill, and finally flown to Paris under the code name of Madeleine, carrying only a false passport, a clutch of French francs and a pistol. Despite her spy network collapsing around her, Noor stayed in France for three months, until she was betrayed. What followed in October 1943 was arrest, imprisonment in chains, torture and interrogation. Noor bore it all. She revealed nothing to her captors, not even her real name. When the end came on September 13, 1944, it was not swift or painless. Defiant till the last, she shouted “Liberte” as she went down to a bullet fired at the back of her head.

5. Anna Chapman

Anna Chapman
(Born 23 February 1982)
Anna Chapman, a beautiful 28-year-old Russian with an IQ of 162, having a diplomat father and a taste for the high life, is a Russian national, who while living in New York, United States was arrested along with nine others on 27 June 2010, on suspicion of working for the Illegals Program spy ring under the Russian Federation’s external intelligence agency, the SVR (Sluzhba Vneshney Razvedki). Chapman pleaded guilty to a charge of conspiracy to act as an agent of a foreign government without notifying the U.S. Attorney General, and was deported back to Russia on 8 July 2010, as part of a prisoner swap.

4. Violette Szabo

Violette Szabo
(26 June 1921 – c. 5 February 1945)
She was a Second World War British secret agent. She was born Violette Reine Elizabeth Bushell in Paris, France on 26 June 1921, the second child of a French mother and an English taxi-driver father, who had met during World War I. The family moved to London and she attended school in Brixton until the age of 14. At the start of the Second World War, she was working in the Bon Marché department store in Brixton on the perfume counter. Violette met Etienne Szabo, a French officer of Hungarian descent, at the Bastille Day parade in London in 1940. They married on 21 August 1940 after a whirlwind 42-day romance. Violette was 19, Etienne was 31. Shortly after the birth of their only child, Tania, Etienne died from chest wounds at the Battle of El Alamein in October 1942. He had never seen his daughter. It was Etienne’s death that made Violette, having already joined the Auxiliary Territorial Service in 1941, decide to offer her services to the British Special Operations Executive (SOE).

3. Liu Hulan

(1932–1947)
She was a young, beautiful female spy during the Chinese Civil War between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. She was born in Yunzhouxi village, in the Wenshui County of the Shanxi province. She joined the Communist Party in 1946 and soon after joined an association of women working in support of the Liberation Army. She was actively involved in organizing the villagers of Yunzhouxi in support of the Communist Party of China. Her contributions involved a wide range of activities, such as supplying food to the Eighth Liberation Army, relaying secret messages, and mending boots and uniforms. The life and death of Liu Hulan has become a symbol of the courage of the Chinese people, and is often cited as a homily of their loyalty to Communism. Her story is often told as an homage to the struggles endured, and the sacrifices made, for the cause of liberating China from centuries of rule by foreign powers.

2. Charlotte de Sauve

Charlotte de Sauve
(c. 1551 – 30 September 1617)
A French noblewoman and a mistress of King Henry of Navarre, who later ruled as King Henry IV of France. She was a member of Queen Mother Catherine de’ Medici’s notorious Flying Squadron (Escadron Volant in French), a group of beautiful female spies and informants recruited to seduce important men at Court, and thereby extract information to pass on to the Queen Mother. Charlotte de Sauve has been credited as a source of the information that led to the execution of Marguerite de Valois’s lover Joseph Boniface de La Môle and Annibal de Coconnas for conspiracy in 1574. In 1575, Catherine de’ Medici, abetted by her son Henry III, instructed Charlotte to seduce the king’s brother, her youngest son, François, Duke of Alençon, with the aim of provoking hostility between the two young men, so that they would not conspire together in the future. Charlotte subsequently became the duke’s mistress, creating a rift between the former close friends, as Navarre and Alençon became rivals over Charlotte. According to Marguerite’s memoirs: “Charlotte de Sauve treated both of them [Navarre and Alençon] in such a way that they became extremely jealous of each other, to such a point that they forgot their ambitions, their duties and their plans and thought of nothing but chasing after this woman”.

1. Mata Hari

(7 August 1876, Leeuwarden – 15 October 1917, Vincennes)
Mata Hari ‘drew every man’s lustful admiration and every woman’s envy. A Dutch exotic dancer, courtesan, and accused spy who was executed by firing squad in France for espionage for Germany during World War I. Her popular acts toured other European cities, where she became the courtesan of powerful men in government and the military. Her relationships and liaisons with powerful men frequently took her across international borders. Prior to World War I, she was generally viewed as an artist and a free-spirited bohemian, but as war approached, she began to be seen by some as a wanton and promiscuous woman, and perhaps a dangerous seductress. When World War I broke out, the French suspected her of spying for the Germans, even though she was also likely doing so for the French. In January 1917, the German military attaché in Madrid transmitted radio messages to Berlin describing the helpful activities of a German spy, code-named H-21. French intelligence agents intercepted the messages and, from the information they contained, identified H-21 as Mata Hari. Unusually, the messages were in a code that German intelligence knew had already been broken by the French, leaving some historians to suspect that the messages were contrived. She was subsequently tried for espionage and found guilty. She was executed by Firing Squad on the 15th of September, 1917 at the age of 41.